Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala — Basic structure doctrine of Constitution

The Supreme Court quashed an SC/ST Act offence against a school manager accused of assaulting and hurling caste-based abuses. The Court held that caste abuse in an enclosed space and without a specific caste-based utterance in public view does not constitute an offence under the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.

A significant Supreme Court judgment that established the Collegium System for the proposal and appointment of judges. The verdict created a foundational framework for judicial appointments in India.

A constitutional matter concerning defections and the formation of government. The petitioners sought to preserve rights flowing from the 2019 law amid changes under the 2026 amendment. Justice Joymalya Bagchi observed that the claim regarding government formation depended on assumptions about the litigation outcome.

The Supreme Court of India delivered a unanimous judgment declaring the Electoral Bonds Scheme unconstitutional and manifestly arbitrary for violating voters' right to information by providing blanket anonymity to political donors. The Court directed the State Bank of India and Election Commission of India to ensure full disclosure of donor and recipient details in implementation of the judgment.

A case involving the placement of a vibrating machine on a victim's vaginal opening was heard by the Kerala High Court. The court held that such conduct constitutes penetrative sexual assault equivalent to rape under the POCSO Act.

A case concerning a journalist's article reporting on an official proceeding. The Kerala High Court ruled that reporting on official action does not constitute criminal defamation merely because it causes reputational harm to a litigant.